The desert areas of the playas are important due to the diversity of geomorphological landforms and the great potential for geo-tourism development. These areas can be provided using statistical and quantitative models to determine the areas with a higher geomorphological diversity value to land planners for the sustainable development. This research was conducted to evaluate the geomorphodiversity in Mesileh playas in Namak Lake and Hoz-e- Sultan region. The geomorphological landforms in this area were extracted using satellite images and field studies, Fragstats software and the eight quantitative indicators of the landscape metrics include Patch Richness Density, Relative Patch Richness, Simpsons Evenness Index, Index Shannon Evenness, Shannons Diversity Index, Simpson's Diversity Index, Modified Simpson's Diversity Index, Modified Sahanon Evenness Index were exerted to evaluate the richness of geomorphological units in Masileh playas. The results indicate that the geomorphological units of alluvial fans, salt flats, salt mud flats and dunes, respectively, have the highest value among the landscape metrics. In addition, from the point of view of the landscape metrics, the northwest regions of Kashan and Abuzeydabad have the most incredible variety of geomorphology. This research showed that geomorphological units could be used as a suitable indicator in evaluating the diversity of the landscape, especially in flat areas with morphometric and geological diversity.

Introduction The study of the areas with geothermal energy potential is of particular importance in realizing the goals ofsustainable development. Areas with geothermal potential areof great importance in terms of application as renewable energy resources, tourist attraction, greenhouse construction, etc. Generally, in geothermal exploration projects, studies are initially carried out with regard to the existing indicators, and the outcome of the primary location is used for more detailed studies. The identification of the areas with geothermal potential, which is the first phase of geothermal energy exploration, is complex and difficult. Determining areas with geothermal energypotential as a basis for clean and environment friendly natural energyexploration studies, is important for achieving sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is to identify the areas with geothermal potential with regard to the characteristics of the northwest regions of Iran and the application of Geospatial Information Systems and Multi-criteria analysis methods, which have many advantages in the field of exploring the regions with geothermal potential. In this study, the spatial Multi-criteria analysis package of ILWIS software and also the decision-making method based on the Ordered Weighted Average (OWA) in TerrSet(IDRISI) software have been used Different scenarios of decision-making were implemented in the case study area and, the results were compared with the location of hot water springs in the region. The results indicate that the location of the determined sites is close to the hot water springs, which confirms the results of the proposed model of the paper. Materials & Methods The study of geothermal energy with the help of the spatial information system has drawn the attention in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to study areas with geothermal potential in the northwestern regions of Iran. These regions have different effects on the Earthand the researchers of this field use these effects to find new methods for measuring geothermal resources (Yousefy, 2006). Nowadays, GIS-based MCDM techniques are effectively used in these types of studies. Therefore, it has been tried to use some of these techniques in this research. In addition to the novelty of the topic of the geothermal studies in Iran, the issue of modeling different decision-making scenarios has been taken into consideration fromthe pessimistic view (with low risk) to the optimistic one (with high risk). Therefore, in this research, areas with geothermal potential have been identified and compared, with the help of study with the help of spatial data and Multi-criteria decision-making methods. In this study, decision-making criteria are evaluated and selected usinglibrary studies from previous researches. Also, based on the weighting methods and the integration of criteria, 8 scenarios were produced and their results were compared with each other. Meanwhile, the weight of the criteria was calculated using questionnaires and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. The Ordered Weighted Average (OWA) method was applied to create various scenarios. Figure-1 shows the stages of this research. Results & Discussion The two software (ILWIS and TerrSet), provide powerful tool for standardizing, weighting and integratingthe standard maps associated with the decision-making process. In the implementation stage, the maps are standardizedafter the preparation of thestandard maps in the acceptable format of each software. In this study, fuzzy and AHP methods were used for standardization and weighting, respectively. Finally, the input factors are integrated according to different scenarios. The results are shown in Fig-8. In order to evaluate the results, the geothermal map produced based on the model proposed in this article has been compared with the location of hot water springs. The results of most scenarios show that, hot water springs are generally located in two classes with high suitability which confirms the results of the research. In Fig-9, hot springs are located in the classes with high suitability, as it was expected. This means that the results of this research are acceptable. Adaptation and compatibility of the geothermal map and the existing situation provide the possibility of using the results of the case study area in the exploration studies of other regions. Conclusion In this research, multi-criteria decision-making based on the use of GIS tool was used as a feasibility study in the first phase of geothermal exploration. The layers were processed and using theAHP-OWA integration methods in the 8 scenarios, they were integrated and the obtained results were investigated and compared. In most scenarios, hot water springs are in suitable or very suitable classes. This reflects the acceptable results obtained from the proposed modeling of this research.

According placement Country of iran On the belt earthquake Alpine-Himalayas and Placement Partial of Iran Plateau Between two pages of Saudi Arabia (south) And Eurasia (north) And consequently the existence of active faults And the existence of seismic point And most importantly, record high intensity earthquakes, Etc in the township of Bahmei, in The present study will try, with Using the WASPA model, Identified and reviewed The Seismic zones. The main purpose of this study is Identify and zoning Earthquake risk in township Bahmaei and Secondary objectives research:-Review and Assessment City Likak against earthquake risk.-Identify and zoning district township Bahmaei against the danger of earthquakes.-provide strategies to Reduce Damage and and physical and financial vulnerabilities of citizens. According the nature of the subject and research objectives, Research Methodology Based on descriptive – analytical and functional. Collect dates provided in two part, weights and layers of information, based on Documentary method and using satellite images, Mapping organization, USGS organization. The statistical population of the research, the entire limits township Bahmaei based on dividing the national. Indicators used in the study, 10 key indicators, including Active faults, seismic areas, rivers, urban and rural settlements, the elevation, slope and more. To collect data Of the America Geological organization, National mapping organization, Satellite imagery and as well as to review and analyze data used is of ARC GIS software and Wapas model. Results of the research show that from area 1245 square kilometers of Bahmei Township, there are 252. 228 square kilometers, equivalent to 20 percent of the Township in an unsafe zone. 149 square kilometers equivalent to 12 percent is in the high risk zone and 167 square kilometers, equivalent to 13 percent in area with the high-risk. Also, of the area of 1245 square kilometers in the Township of Bahmei 386 square kilometers, equivalent to 31 percent is in the zone with low risk of the earthquake. The final weights achieved by each Propeller (weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats) in a separate and individual weighting with one another, have dominance of the dominating role of the matrix threat. Results Research shows, 252 square kilometers, equivalent to 40 perecnt of Bahmaei township in zone safe, 386 square kilometers in the zone with low-risk, 289 square kilometers of the township In the zone with middle danger, 149 square kilometers of the township Equivalent with 12 percent of the township In zone with high risk and 167 square kilometers, equivalent to 13 percent is in the zone whit high-risk of ​ ​ the earthquake The city Likak as Bahmaei township center is in zone with low very risk Compared to the risk of earthquakes. Also The results showed The 160 sq. Km of The central part of township Equivalent to 18 percent in zone with low-risk And 137 square kilometers, equivalent to %15 in zone whit high risk and 15 percent of central city The zone have very high hazard. Also the results showed of area 506 square kilometers Section Garmsar, 30 percent in the zone safe, %44 in the zone with low risk and 6 percent is in zone with the very high risk. The also results showed that 15 villages and villages (6%) are very vulnerable, 20 villages (8. 43%) are in high danger zones and 112 villages are in zone with low risk.

Itroduction: The frequent occurrence of wildfires in the natural landscapes of the Zagros region necessitates comprehensive research to identify contributing factors and predict future fire incidents. Accordingly, this study aims to determine the key drivers of wildfires in the Khorramabad County watershed, located in the central Zagros, using decision tree-based modeling approaches.   Material and Methods: The study examined fire-influencing factors across four categories: climate, topography, land use, and human activity. Wildfire data spanning 2011–2024 (380 fire points), obtained from the Lorestan Province General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management, served as the dependent variable. The dataset was split into training (70%, 266 points) and evaluation (30%, 114 points) subsets. Model performance was assessed using the ROC curve and confusion matrix for validation. .   Results: Variable importance analysis revealed that distance from roads and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were among the most significant factors influencing wildfire occurrences in the study area. The results demonstrated a positive correlation between fire incidence and three key variables: (1) greater proximity to roads, (2) higher vegetation density, and (3) increased wind effects. Model validation indicated an 85% accuracy rate in correctly classifying fire events versus non-fire events. These findings provide actionable insights for identifying fire risk factors, supporting wildfire prevention strategies, and promoting sustainable land management practices in the region. .   Discusssion and Conclusion: Given the critical role of forests and rangelands in water and soil conservation, as well as erosion prevention, identifying key drivers of wildfires is essential for effective land management. This study highlights distance from roads, NDVI, precipitation, wind effect, and temperature as the most influential factors affecting fire occurrences in the study area, ranked in order of significance. The decision tree model demonstrated high predictive accuracy (85%), confirming its effectiveness in identifying wildfire risk factors. These findings provide valuable insights for: Wildfire prevention strategies, Sustainable land management, and Informed decision-making for policymakers and land-use planners. Furthermore, the results serve as a foundational reference for future research on natural resource management, particularly in fire-prone ecosystems. By integrating these findings into regional planning, stakeholders can better mitigate fire risks and enhance ecosystem resilience.

Floods occur in arid and semi-arid regions due to heavy rains and lack of vegetation which cause great loss of life and property throughout the world. Therefore, determining flood-prone areas and high-risk areas can be of great help in flood management and control. This study was conducted to determine flood-prone areas using multi-criteria decision making methods in Bagheran area of ​​Birjand City, South Khorasan Province. First, 10 effective parameters in floods were selected based on the opinions of experts and their relative importance was obtained using AHP and BWM methods. The results showed that the parameters of topographic moisture index and distance from waterway had the lowest score in both AHP and BWM methods, so that the rain parameter with relative importance of 0.265 and 0.137 had the highest score in AHP and BWM methods and had the highest impact. The zoning results were divided into five classes: very low, low, medium, high and very high. In both methods, high class had the highest area and very low class had the lowest area. The high class in the BWM method covers about 48% of the area, which can cause irreparable damage to residential areas downstream of Birjand.

Objectives: Cultural services are key elements of development. Adjusting the distribution parameters for the development, planning, comprehensive development areas to provide a flexible model for a balanced distribution of services, population and settlement (the balance of space) would be necessary. So, the achievement of sustainable development requires a balance in the distribution pattern service indicators, economic, cultural planning.Method: Statistics population is fourteen areas of Isfahan which are rating based on the 35 indexes. These indexes have been used by using Shannon entropy and weighting of indicators and have been plotted by using the GIS map of the five- level development zones.Findings: Findings show that cultural factors in a balanced distribution of urban areas have not got significant differences between urban areas and the development of cultural services. The first region and fourteenth region were located in the highest and lowest levels.Results: The results of the study have indicated that there is a significant difference in the urban areas in terms of cultural facilities. So, the regions 13, 10, 7 and 14 with priority coefficients 0.04, have the lowest level of development and they need development. And the first and third areas with an average coefficient of 0.61 at the highest level of development, and they are the latest priorities of development.